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Možnosti fyzioterapie funkčních poruch pohybového aparátu při vybraném bojovém sportu - taekwondo
PRÁŠILOVÁ, Zuzana
The topic of this bachelor thesis is functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system in athletes involved in the sport of taekwondo and subsequently the possibilities of therapy of these disorders. Taekwondo is classified as a full-contact combat sport. Due to the full-contact nature of this sport and the nature of the training, the risk of both structural and functional disorders must be considered, which are much more common. This is mainly caused by frequent and also prolonged overloading associated with incorrect movement stereotypes. a significant role is represented by the involvement of the deep stabilization system during movement activity and muscle looping. In the field of functional musculoskeletal disorders located in the joints, hypermobility caused by the need to maximise the range of the lower limbs is of the greatest importance. These disturbances manifest themselves in the form of trigger points, tender points, hyperalgesic skin zones, muscle spasms and functional blockages. The physiotherapy options for these disorders are very diverse. Here I have described the soft tissue techniques that are very commonly used, breathing rehabilitation, postisometric relaxation, and follow-up self-therapy. Physical therapy is also mentioned, but not used in this paper, although it is commonly included in the treatment of functional disorders. The practical part of the thesis consists of three case studies in the form of qualitative research. all probands are female, aged between 15 and 27 years. Each of them has been involved in the sport of taekwondo for a long time and competitively. a total of ten sessions were conducted between January 2022 and March 2022. Each proband underwent an initial and an exit examination and two posturograph examinations three months apart. In addition, the thesis includes a designed practice unit for the probands, which serves as material for home practice.
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The importance of physiotherepy in diabetic neuropathy
MOTEJLOVÁ, Tereza
The subject of this bachelor's thesis is the mapping of physiotherapeutic posibillities for neuropathy, and creating an exercise unit to improve the stability of autotherapy with individual probands. Diabetic neuropathy is a very common chronic complication of the diabetes mellitus disorder. This disorder affects the peripheral nervous system and its most common symptoms are paresthesia, a feelings of cold feet and stability issues. The theoretical part examines the diabetes mellitus disorder. This disorder is written about in the second chapter, containing the classification, diagnostics, therapy and its complications. A chronic complication of this disorder can be diabetic neuropathy, to which is devoted the third chapter. This chapter is composed of the anatomy of the peripheral nervous system, the forms, neuropathic pain and a treatment. The fourth chapter deals with postural stability. The practical part was based on qualitative research. The research group consisted of three probands diagnosed with diabetic neuropathy. Each proband was kept a casuistry, which contains anamnesis, kinesiological analysis, stability examination including a posturograph, and essential neurological examinations. Based on the initial examination, individual physiotherapeutic procedures were created. The main part of the exercise unit was dedicated to sensomotor skills, the relaxation of joint structures on the leg, and exercising on balance pads with postural stability training. The results of this research proved that physiotherapy in diabetic neuropathy has a positive impact on the health condition of the proband. During the therapy, the probands subjectively expressed mitigation of paresthesia. It was confirmed that the probands could better hold their stability even in more difficult positions.
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Posturographic training in flatbed therapy for younger school children
ČERNÁ, Adéla
The arch of the foot began to develop parallel to the transition towards an erect posture of the body to bear the weight and to absorb shocks while the foot is in contact with the ground. The human foot consists of two arches - longitudinal and transverse arch. Both start to develop as the child starts to walk. The development is finished around the pre-school age. From literature it is known that up to 80 % of inhabitants suffer from incorrect foot hold/position. One of the most common deformations of the foot appears to be flat feet. Flat feet are usually formed already in childhood. With the common causes being premature toddler footwear, fashion shoes, fast growth, and excessive physical activity etc. Posturographic techniques are methods used for measurement and treatment of qualitative and quantitate postural balance. There exist two types of posturography - static and dynamic. The theoretical part of the thesis covers the specification of foot anatomy and function, the arch of the foot, the definition of Flat feet and a brief description of therapy. It is followed by description of the posturographic function and posturographic tool, which was used during the practical part of this thesis for the therapy itself. The practical part of the thesis was processed as qualitative research where an initial examination of aspects, an interview and both a posturographic and podoscope assessment all concluded in the form of case reports, took place. Three boys, who attended the first grade of an elementary school were included in this study. They attended the posturograph therapy once a week and they went through a given set of exercises at home. First goal of this study was to observe if the posturography training included in the therapy of flat feet has an impact on the results within the children around the age of primary elementary school. The second goal was to evaluate the effect of posturography exercises on the therapy of flat feet among children. Although this thesis has not brought clear results, a slight improvement of the childrens posture could be observed. The explanation of the unclear results could be due to the small size of the test group or due to short and inefficiently intense therapy. Nonetheless some of the children were looking forward to attending the appointments and that in my opinion adds to the benefits of the overall results.
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Postural physiotherapy concentrated at axial stabilization of actively sporting children on a competitive level
MAŠEK, Dominik
This work is focused on the topic of stability of the axial system at actively sporting children on the competition level. In the theoretical part I write about basic knowledge about the postural system and deep stabilization system. The practical part of my thesis is processed as a qualitative research comprising input and output kinesiology analysis and input and output posturographic examination. The research took place at the Uran office at the University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice. The research sample was consisted of five actively sporting pediatric patients (two boys and three girls) aged 6 to 11 years. Three patients (two girls and a boy) do gymnastics and two patients (a girl and a boy) do the Korean martial art called Taekwondo. Therapy contained eight treatments lasting 15-20 minutes. Rehabilitation therapy included posturograph with NeuroCom Balance Manager system. Another three exercises were practiced individually at home. The aim of this work was to improve the axial stabilization using therapeutic programs and additional exercises and then subsequent evaluation of the results of these eight treatments. Here I follow the idea, that even short exercising of deep stabilizing deep system during training can lead to an overall improvement in the stabilization of the body, reducing the level of hazing superficial muscles and preventing the occurrence of clinical symptoms and complications, that are common in modern society, such as back pain, prolapsed intervertebral discs, etc. Results obtained by therapy proved that patients' axial stability and overall posture im-proved after eight therapies. This thesis may serve as a resource not only for health care workers, but also for the general public and sports coaches.
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The impacts of inappropriate footwear and physiotherapy strategies to correct selected disorders
MALÍNSKÁ, Veronika
The thesis consists of practical and theoretical part. The theoretical part focuses on the fundamental information on foot anatomy, kinesiology and the examination of walking process. In this part I have also included the negative effects of footwear and the description of apparatus I have worked with during the practical part of my work. I have determined two goals for my thesis. First goal is to search out possibilities of suitable physiotherapy for patients suffering from inappropriate footwear. Second goal is to suggest a training unit and create educational materials for these patients. In my research I have selected a group of five females aged 22 to 25 years, who are used to wear different kinds of footwear (common shoes, high heels, orthopaedic shoes, barefoot shoes, no shoes at all, etc.). I have design the therapeutic plan in a way the group sessions differentiate from each other in order to have more variety of exercises for the patients to choose from after the end of the therapy session. For home workout I have selected set of eight exercises, each to be done twenty times with three such sets per day. One set takes up about 5 to 10 minutes. My findings conclude that the exercises have positive effect on walking, body stability and weight distribution between feet. There was a significant improvement of walking kinesiology with proper forward rolling onto the ball of foot and big toe push off during the propulsive phase. The improvement occurred especially with high heels, orthopaedic shoes and common shoes. When checking out, patients had better weight distribution between feet, toes were more spread, all toes had contact with the floor ant there was also one case of partial flat feet improvement. The results of my work may be valuable for other physiotherapist in their clinical practice or for educational purposes. There is a leaflet attached that can be used as an educational material for patients, public or for parents of children for whom the proper development of foot is essential.
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Instability of hocks caused by excessive load and sports injuries, options of further physiotherapy
BÁRTOVÁ, Lenka
For my bachelor theses I have choosen the topic "Instability of ankle joint caused by excessive load and injuries at sport with possibility of subsequent use of physioterapy." I have made such choice because I wanted to find out more about this issue. Injuries at sport are more often nowadays and it disturbs locomotor system. Instability is a problem of not only proffesional sportsmen but also of recreational sportsmen and people with hypermobility who has got increased ligament laxacity before any injury. In current modern times are sportsmen especially sportsmen on racing level under the pressure of their coaches and they often don't respect needed time for regeneration and recovery. Then correct healing of impared issues is not properly done and injury can happen again. Stable ankle joint is important for the whole locomotor system for stability of the whole leg because it's connected with other body parts through muscles chains and when any of the segments is instable, it influences others as well. In the theoretical part I write about anatomy of ankle joint, ligament system that is very important for its stability and then also muscles in the area of shank and ankle joint, possible joint injuries, frequency of injuries at particular sports and also outside and inside impacts that influence injuries. In the theoretical part I present function of a leg vault, when its shape and deformities can influence also ankle joit stability. I consider the sensomotor system importance as when integrity of a joint is impared it can cause bad feedback for the central nervous system. In conclusion I am concerned with methods and physioterapy tools for instability healing. In the practical part I have done qualitative research using input and output kinesiological analysis and for objective examination I have choosen posturographic examination with NeuroCom system that was used before and after the therapy in the Physioterapy centre on Health and social faculty in České Budějovice. Input and output datas were compared in the end of the research. The research was done for two months. Research sample consisted of six patients, who had instability symptoms and in their anamnesis they had repeated injuries of ankle joint. Age range was from 20 to 26 years and one half of them are proffesional sportsmen or did sports in past. I have made exercise unit written into a brochure, that everybody got home. During individual therapy we focused on muscles strenghtening and improving of proprioreceptions through various balancing tools and improving of the overall body bearing. I have found out from the research that injuries that often repeats especially because of bad healing or because of underestimation of this issue by a pacient and a coach. Subsequent instability impacts the overall body stability, especially in standing on one foot or in standing on a narrowed base. This theses could serve for healthcare workers as a study material and also for non-proffesional public especially for sportsmen and sports coaches.
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Access physiotherapy in disorders of postural stability in patients with multiple sclerosis
KRÁLOVÁ, Lucie
The bachelor thesis summarizes the current knowledge of multiple sclerosis. The object of my thesis was to choose the appropriate physiotherapy procedures to influence postural stability in patients with multiple sclerosis. In the theoretical part of it I have dealt with the current situation of the problem, then with ethiopathogenesis, symptoms, pharmacological and rehabilitative treatment. Then I dealt with the functions of the deep stabilization system and methods which can be used to work with. These methods were chosen with regard to the diagnosis MS. The research section includes casuistry of three patients. The kinesiology examination is supplemented by testing in posturograph which patients undertaken at the beginning of the three-month therapy and after its completion. This section contains actual status of the patients, their medical history, designs short-term rehabilitation plan, a description of rehabilitation and long-term rehabilitation plan and overall assessment of therapy and research. The whole research took place over a period of three months. Two patients attending for treatment in a rehabilitation clinic in J.Hradci, therapy third patient was at home through briefing. After three months of therapy, I evaluated the effectiveness of exercise based on the input and output tests, balance tests and examinations on posturograph. I also took into account the patients' subjective feelings. Physiotherapy had an impact primarily on the breathing stereotype and better postural stability when standing. Furthermore, the psychological state of patients also improved. Physiotherapy may interfere with some clinical symptoms of MS. It helps to improve the quality of life, improve self-sufficiency and engage individuals in active life. However, we have to expect short-term effect and that it is necessary to rehabilitate all the time. Also, we must continue to adapt to the development of the disease and the current condition of the patient.
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